Yesterday, Venezuela lost one of its greatest artists. I dare say Pedro León Zapata was THE greatest artist of the last era of our history.
Why is this controversial? Zapata was a cartoonist. Doesn’t sound like high art, right?
Large crises are usually fodder for artists. Picasso’s greatest painting was inspired by the carnage of Guernica. Steinbeck would not have been Steinbeck without the Great Depression. And the Paris spring undoubtedly inspired Truffaut and Malle to new heights.
The current travails our country is undergoing have not yet led to an artistic high point. We all enjoy Federico Vegas and Suniaga, but these are not universal authors – at least not yet. And while we may all admire a few movie directors, architects, musicians or painters, they are all undiscovered gems, niche players. The artistic genesis spurred by the revolution’s antics remains underwhelming.
But pretty much everyone in Venezuela knew who Zapata was.
For decades, Zapata has been speaking truth to power through his political cartoons, religiously published in El Nacional. He is the father of Edo, Rayma, Weil, and countless others who make the absurd Venezuelan reality palpable. Chavismo, however, inspired him to new heights.
It takes real talent to convey the nonsense that passes for daily life in our country with a simple drawing and a clever phrase. We should know – sometimes it takes us hundreds of words and countless hours to convey the same thing, and we usually fail.
But Zapata rarely failed. Through his distinctively Venezuelan wit, Zapata made you think – no offense, but sometimes it was the only thing in El Nacional worth reading.
Many people were mourning the passing of the great master. But his death at the ripe old age of 85 is a testament to a life lived to the fullest. He spurred our national conscience through that rare Venezuelan trait – hard work. His job here was done.
Take a bow, maestro. No other artist comes close to having an impact as profound as you.
When I first came to Venezuela, I started to pick up El Nacional just to see these strange little drawings, that became less enigmatic and more enjoyable with each day lived in Caracas. These were little wonders that could only grow in Venezuela.
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The greatest Venezuelan artiste is without a doubt Orlando Urdaneta:
What do you think about overthrowing the govt., Nagel?
Do you share the opinion of Mr. Urdaneta?
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I am surprised at two things:
1) Your obsession with the blogger (were you in love with him back in school?)
2) Your ability to make an ass of yourself.
At least show some dignity, it’s embarrassing to read you.
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Alejandro,
The prospect that you become desensitized to my words was at first worrisome.
On one hand you could acquire the ability to respond in good faith, but on the other you could loose interest as there is no suspenseful love story to follow through.
I took a smoke break.
Stare intently at computer screen.
I knew what to do.
I knew I had to call the norwegian homosexual for advise on how to better my campaign.
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Loved Orlando Urdaneta as an actor and even met him once as he and his then wife Chelo lived in the penthouse of my sisters-in-law building en el Este.
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Bypassing another obvious diversionary tactic from low-IQ dspur … I fully agree, Juan. It takes real talent to convey the nonsense that passes for daily life in our country with a simple drawing and a clever phrase. And yet, not so simple drawings, for these would convey more than one interpretation, without ever trying to be cute. Don’t get me wrong. I LOVE Weil and EDO and Rayma, but Zapata’s artistry is in a more sophisticated sphere, less one-dimensional in its political thought. Take the 2nd cartoon noted above. The first thing that crossed my mind, on seeing the elongated fingers of one hand, was that they were those of Fidel Castro, pressing a hair to explain his disappointment and ….
Thanks for writing about the Master and his well-deserved laurels.
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Nagel presents a dichotomy[0] between moving out of the country and overthrowing the Venezuelan government:
“The hysteresis model makes sense … if you assume that the risk of going to jail for running your business is zero. Plug that into the model, and it will probably tell you that you should do one of two things: a) bail, sell, shut down, change into dollars at whatever price, and leave; or b) conspire to overthrow the government … for real.”
[0] http://caracaschronicles.com/2015/02/06/hysteresis-or-survival/
I want to know if he relates to Urdaneta in other qualities.
We should celebrate all reactionary artists or journalists (and their barely discernible differences?).
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You mean the same Zapata who praised Fidel Castro at age 59, that is, 40 years after the beginning of one of the worst dictatorships mankind has ever witnessed? Did you ever read that pamphlet endorsed by 1000 so called “Venezuelan intellectuals, Zapata included?” No me jodas, Nagel. At age 30, it was very clear to me who Fidel Castro was, if not before. Did you ever read that “declaration of love?” In spite of all those killed by the communist regime? Signed by such useless people as the ones who claim to be “luchadores sociales,” whatever the fuck that means? This set mentality is the reason why the america south of the Rio Grande is so and will be so fucked for the foreseeable future.
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Right, well, if the full measure of every latin american writer and artist is whether they ever said a good word about Fidel, the bookshelves and museos will be empty and we’ll have to take back a Nobel prize as well. Are you so angry that you can’t see that his work mocks everything that we understand Fidel to be?
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So, that in itself would make it morally acceptable to praise a murderous dictatorship? I do not deny Garcia Marquez genius as a writer, but as a human being, he left a lot to be desired…
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If I may be so bold, we all leave a lot to be desired, on that standard.
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Not me pal, I have always knew where my principles and values lay. I have never in my life cheered assasins.
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Mighty pretentious of you to speak as if you have never been wrong. You can disagree with Zapata’s youthful politics and even with him as a person without dismissing his artistry and his influence within that sphere, surely.
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Youthful politics? First, learn how to write. Did you mean political ideas in his youth. Second, learn how to read: he was cheering Castro at almost age 60! Third, I did not criticize his work, though to me it was quite unremarkable. Again, learn how to read. And, fourth, why don’t you ask any victim of the Cuban dictatorship what he or she thinks about this “declaration of love” by these so called intellectuals? Hint: read Carlos Alberto Montaner blog, that is, after you learn how to read. Don’t worry his explanation is very diplomatic. I would not have been.
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As the greatest artist/joker/friend of assassins in my mother tongue put it: “Dost thou think, because thou art virtuous, there shall be no more cakes and ale?”
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I’d love to see that pamphlet — reproduced on the Internet, perhaps?
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Please, you are old enough to have been read it in the newspapers at the time.
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correction: have read it in the newspapers of the time.
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Meaning you can’t reproduce. Or are too lazy to contribute. While you’re at it, you may want to re-read Juan’s post. It’s predominantly filled with the measure of Zapata’s artistry.
Here are two anecdotes that might help clean your foggy lenses, both from http://eltiempo.com.ve/tiempo-libre/suceso/fallece-a-los-85-anos-el-caricaturista-pedro-leon-zapata/170968 . They are repeated elsewhere in the Vzlan media:
“La postura política de Pedro León siempre fue crítica hacia los Gobiernos, al Gobierno de turno”, dijo el músico [Miguel Delgado Estévez] que señaló que el caricaturista cuestionó a los diferentes partidos en el poder, “no se identificó ni con Acción Democrática, ni Copei, ni con nada, ni con lo que está pasando hoy en día”, dijo.
Anécdota de El Nacional
Hay una anécdota de sus comienzos en El Nacional que merece ser contada. Quien la rememoró es Ramón J. Velásquez: “La representación de los ricos que Zapata acuñó presentándolos a través de un individuo ventrudo, vestido con chaleco y adornado con un brillante en la mano, despertó el resquemor de cierto directivo de El Nacional, quien se dirigió a mí para sugerirme la conveniencia de interrumpir cuando antes la publicación de sus caricaturas. En esos días me encontré en una recepción con el embajador Berbaum, representante diplomático de Estados Unidos en Caracas, quien me llamó aparte para conversar. Resultó que el hombre era un entusiasta coleccionista de caricaturas políticas y estaba interesado en adquirir algunos originales de Zapata, a quien consideraba un genio indiscutible. Le sugerí entonces que se dirigiera al citado directivo y le solicitara algunos cartones. A los días se presentó el embajador norteamericano en el periódico y obtuvo las piezas que quería, después de ponderar la singular calidad de nuestro caricaturista. Hasta ahí le llegó a Zapata la tacha de comunista. No hay duda de que es el mejor editorialista venezolano de la democracia”.
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It turns out that the mighty lazy here is you. It took me less than 30 seconds to find it. Again, learn to read. I was not criticizing his work, though there isn’t any remarkable about it.
Manifiesto de Bienvenida a Fidel Castro
El Nacional y 2001, 1º y 3 de febrero de 1989
Nosotros, intelectuales y artistas venezolanos al saludar su visita a nuestro país, queremos expresarle públicamente nuestro respeto hacia lo que usted, como conductor fundamental de la Revolución Cubana, ha logrado en favor de la dignidad de su pueblo y, en consecuencia, de toda América Latina.
En esta hora dramática del Continente, sólo la ceguera ideológica puede negar el lugar que ocupa el proceso que usted representa en la historia de la liberación de nuestros pueblos. Hace treinta años vino usted a Venezuela, inmediatamente después de una victoria ejemplar sobre la tiranía, la corrupción y el vasallaje. Entonces fue recibido por nuestro pueblo como sólo se agasaja a un héroe que encarna y simboliza el ideal colectivo. Hoy, desde el seno de ese mismo pueblo, afirmamos que Fidel Castro, en medio de los terribles avatares que ha enfrentado la transformación social por él liderizada y de los nuevos desafíos que implica su propio avance colectivo, continúa siendo una entrañable referencia en lo hondo de nuestra esperanza, la de construir una América Latina justa independiente y solidaria.
Los 911 firmantes
1. Guillermo Abdala, escultor
2. Carmen Absueta, escritora
3. Ángel Eduardo Acevedo, escritor
4. Josefina Acevedo, cineasta
5. Elizabeth Acosta, investigadora Inst. de Investigaciones Econ. y Sociales UCV
6. Enriqueta Acosta, prof. UCV
7. Maruja Acosta, prof. Sociología UCV
8. Oscar Acosta, director teatral
9. Vladimir Acosta, coordinador de la Facultad de Economía UCV
10. Lola de Acuña, prof. LUZ
11. Emilio Agra, artista gráfico
12. Gilberto Agüero Gómez, dramaturgo
13. Sadia Aguilar, historiadora
14. Carlos Aguirre, titiritero
15. Jacqueline Aguirre, periodista
16. Marcial Aguirre, artista plástico
17. Yohana Ahumada, actriz
18. Alberto Alcalá, periodista
19. Gilberto Alcalá, periodista
20. Gustavo Alcalá, escritor
21. Luis Alcalá, prof. UDO
22. Aureliano Alfonzo Torres, cineasta
23. Ángel Alvarado, escritor
24. Hernán Alvarado, artista plástico
25. Iris Alvarado, artista plástica
26. Ramón Alvarado, prof. Economía UCV
27. Gisela Alvaray, directora de la Escuela de Educación UCV
28. Adolfo Álvarez, prof. Educación UCV
29. Eduardo Álvarez, escritor
30. Humberto Álvarez, periodista
31. Javier Álvarez, cineasta
32. María del Mar Álvarez, prof. Trabajo Social UCV
33. Maritza Álvarez, coordinadora Inst. de Investigaciones Económicas UCV
34. Sergio Alves Moreira, escritor
35. Ana Amundaray, fotógrafa
36. Raiza Andrade, prof. Sociología ULA
37. Luis A. Angulo, escritor
38. Laura Antillano, escritora
39. Sergio Antillano G., crítico de arte
40. Alfredo Anzola, cineasta
41. Carmen Aranguren, prof. ULA
42. Elizabeth Araujo, periodista
43. Edmundo Aray, escritor
44. Ignacio Luis Arcaya, ex canciller
45. Armando Arce, cineasta
46. Ernesto Arends, prof. ULA
47. Romelia Arias, vicepresidenta del Ateneo de Caracas
48. Carmen Amelia Arma, investigadora ININCO
49. Alfredo Armas Alfonzo, escritor
50. Lali Armengol, dramaturga
51. Ruperto Arocha, prof. Filosofía UCV
52. César Arteaga, prof. Derecho UC
53. Jorge Arteaga, pintor
54. Pilar Arteaga de Hernández, promotora de espectáculos
55. Verónica Artigas, actriz
56. Solange Arvelo, artista plástica
57. Alberto Arvelo Mendoza, cineasta
58. Alberto Arvelo Ramos, escritor
59. Consuelo Ascanio, prof. Administración UCV
60. Francisco Ascanio, farmacéutico
61. Haydée Ascanio, cineasta
62. María Elena Ascanio, promotora cultural
63. Rodolfo Ascanio, prof. Medicina UCV
64. Michelle Ascencio, directora de la Escuela de Letras UCV
65. Omar Astorga, prof. Filosofía UCV
66. Rosamaría Atencio, cineasta
67. Alidha Ávila, cineasta
68. Ligia Ávila, escritora
69. María Magdalena Ávila, promotora cultural
70. Sonia Azparren, economista
71. Carlos Azpúrua, cineasta
72. Guadalupe Babia, investigadora UCV
73. Aquiles Báez, músico
74. Juan Carlos Báez, historiador
75. Carmen Elena Balbás Rivas, prof. Comunicación Social UCAB
76. Jorge Ball, fotógrafo
77. Ricardo Ball, director de la Escuela de Comunicación Social LUZ
78. Rubén Ballesteros, vicerrector académico UC
79. José Balza, escritor
80. Jorge L. Barboza, escritor
81. Alberto Barrera, escritor
82. Olegario Barrera, cineasta
83. Juan Barreto, periodista
84. Luz Marina Barreto, prof. Filosofía UCV
85. Oswaldo Barreto, escritor
86. Pedro Barreto, escultor
87. Rafael Ángel Barreto, presidente IVCA
88. Sergio Barreto, investigador CENAM-UCV
89. Abdala Barrios, escritora
90. Fabricio Barrios, comunicador social
91. Gladys de Barrios, prof. UPEL
92. José Barroeta, escritor
93. Luisa Barroso, periodista
94. Cristóbal Bastidas, prof. Trabajo Social UCV
95. Oscar Bastidas, prof. Administración UCV
96. Oscar Battaglini, historiador
97. Carlos Becerra, prof. Arquitectura UCV
98. Francisco Bechara, decano de la Facultad de Odontología UCV
99. Ramón Belisario, pintor
100. Giovanna Bellarino, fotógrafa
101. Freddy Bello, prof. UC
102. Mauro Bello, pintor
103. Milena Bello, prof. UC
104. José Gregorio Bello Porras, escritor
105. Dolly Benavides, periodista
106. José Benedetto, arquitecto
107. Edgar Benítez, psiquiatra
108. Luna Benítez, periodista
109. Manuel Bermúdez, escritor
110. Winston Bermúdez, economista
111. Luis Bermúdez Romero, escritor
112. Pedro Beroes, escritor
113. José Berroterán, músico de “Un Sólo Pueblo”
114. Marisela Berti, actriz
115. Edme Betancourt de García, vicerrectora administrativa UC
116. Luisa Bethencourt, prof. CENDES
117. Teresa Biancelli, prof. Historia UCLA
118. Luis Bigott, coordinador de la Facultad de Humanidades UCV
119. Marcelino Bisbal, director de la Escuela de Com. Social UCV
120. Antonio Blasco, prof. UC
121. Miguel Bolívar, prof. Sociología UCV
122. Modesta Bor, compositora
123. Jorge Borges, actor
124. José Borges, actor
125. Eudis Borra, prof. Medicina UCV
126. Velia Bosch, escritora
127. Carlos Botto, prof. Medicina UCV
128. María Teresa Boulton, fotógrafa
129. Gabriel Bracho, pintor
130. Helena de Bracho, periodista
131. Sandra Bracho, fotógrafa
132. América Bracho E., periodista
133. Martiniano Bracho Sierra, escritor
134. Madilia Braga Díaz, prof. de Ballet
135. José Luis Briceño, prof. Economía UCV
136. Mirna Briceño, prof. Trabajo Social UCV
137. Argimiro Briceño León, promotor cultural
138. Roberto Briceño León, prof. Sociología UCV
139. Luis Enrique Brito, fotógrafo
140. Luis Britto García, escritor
141. Jacques Broquel, bailarín
142. Ana Brumlick, arquitecta
143. Luisa Bujanda, psicóloga
144. J. J. Burgos, escritor
145. Manuel Caballero, escritor
146. Antonio Cabezas, artista gráfico
147. Erubí Cabrera, productora teatral
148. Jesús María Cadenas, miembro del Consejo Universitario UCV
149. José Luis Cadenas, fotógrafo
150. Rosita Caldera, periodista
151. María Calderón, músico
152. Sari Calogne, directora de la Escuela de Educación UCV
153. Agustín Calzadilla, ex presidente de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos
154. Juan Calzadilla, escritor
155. Pedro Calzadilla Álvarez, historiador
156. Juan Antonio Calzadilla Arreaza, escritor
157. Luisa Camacho, investigadora social
158. Yolanda Camacho de Rodríguez, Grupo “Las Moño Suelto”
159. Alberto Camarriel, prof. Economía de la UCV
160. Milagros Camejo Octavio, Grupo “Las Moño Suelto”
161. Carmen Teresa Camino, pintora
162. Antonio Campos, director teatral
163. Beatriz Campos, prof. de la UDO
164. Miguel Ángel Campos, escritor
165. José Campos Biscardi, pintor
166. José Canache, escritor
167. Aureliano Canchica, prof. de Educación UCV
168. Malula Capello, escritora
169. Graciela Capriles, psicóloga
170. Simonne Capriles, economista
171. Alfredo Caraballo, prof. Sociología UCV
172. Arturo Cardozo, historiador
173. Lubio Cardozo, escritor
174. Freddy Carquez, prof. Medicina UCV
175. Gonzalo Carrero, prof. Trabajo Social UCV
176. Julio Carrillo, escritor
177. Margot Carrillo Pimentel, prof. ULA
178. Elisa Carvalho, prof. Humanidades UCV
179. Elisa Casado, prof. Educación UCV
180. Ramón Casanova, prof. de CENDES
181. Victoria Casanovas, prof. Economía UCV
182. Nora Castañeda, coordinadora administrativa de Economía UCV
183. Antonio Castejón, decano de la Fac. de Ciencias Experimentales LUZ
184. Marianela Castés, prof. de Medicina UCV
185. Adicea Castillo, prof. Economía UCV
186. Alfrides Castillo, prof. Sociología UCV
187. Carlos Castillo, cineasta
188. Evelia Castillo, actriz
189. Freddy Castillo, escritor
190. Jorge Castillo, arquitecto
191. María Teresa Castillo, presidenta del Ateneo de Caracas
192. Ocarina Castillo, directora de cultura UCV
193. Omar Castillo, periodista
194. Zoila Castillo, cineasta
195. Gregorio Antonio Castro, director de la Escuela de Sociología UCV
196. Guillermo Castro, investigador ININCO
197. Claudio Cedeño, caricaturista
198. Gema de Cedeño, pintora
199. Ismael Cejas, prof. ULA
200. Audio Cepeda, fotógrafo
201. Alfredo Chacón, escritor
202. Ana Cointa Chacón, periodista
203. Germania Chacón, promotora cultural
204. Roberto Chacón, prof. ULA
205. Román Chamorro, cineasta
206. Rubén Chamorro, cineasta
207. Oscar Chaparro, cineasta
208. Irwing Chapellín, artista plástico
209. Haydée Chavero, prof. Arte UCV
210. Carmelo Chillida, ex vicerrector UCV
211. José Luis Chiquito León, secretario UC
212. César Chirinos, escritor
213. Diego Nicolás Chirinos, periodista
214. Edmundo Chirinos, ex rector UCV
215. Orlando Chirinos, escritor
216. Frank Cisneros, dibujante
217. Vial Cisneros, arquitecto
218. Omar Luis Colmenares, periodista
219. Héctor Colmenares Díaz, escritor
220. Hely Colombani, escritor
221. Aída Cometta Manzoni, escritora
222. Alberto Comte, escritor
223. Yorlando Conde, director de teatro T-POS
224. Amanda Contreras, prof. Trabajo Social UCV
225. Elsy Contreras, tallista
226. Fernando Contreras, prof. ULA
227. Gustavo Contreras, prof. UC
228. Diómedes Cordero, escritor
229. Rafael Cordero, prof. Psicología UCV
230. Jesús Cordero Giusti, promotor cultural
231. Armando Córdoba, prof. Economía UCV
232. Víctor Córdova, prof. Economía UCV
233. Máximo Corrales, promotor cultural
234. Marbella Correa, prof. UFM
235. Belkis Cortez, prof. ULA
236. Laura Cracco, escritora
237. Virgilio Crespo, Danzaluz
238. Jacinto Cruz, actor
239. Teresa Cuberos, prof. UCV
240. Alfonso Cuesta y Cuesta, escritor
241. Luis Cuevas, pintor
242. Víctor Cuica, músico
243. Miguel Curiel, cineasta
244. Nicolás Curiel, director teatral
245. Antonio E. Dagnino, actor
246. Maruja Dagnino, cineasta
247. Luis F. Damiani, prof. Sociología UCV
248. Miguel Elías Dao, cronista de Puerto Cabello
249. Haleis Dávila, prof. Sociología UCV
250. Rui De Carvalho, psiquiatra
251. Pablo De La Barra, cineasta
252. Venancio De La Cruz, prof. Trabajo Social UCV
253. Mario Del Moral, músico
254. Paúl Del Río, pintor
255. Cruz Elena Delgado, promotora cultural
256. Kotepa Delgado, escritor
257. Fernando Delgado Espinoza, médico
258. Igor Delgado Senior, escritor
259. María Cristina Di Prisco, prof. Medicina UCV
260. Rafael Di Prisco, escritor
261. Luisa E. Díaz, promotora cultural
262. María Lucía Díaz, prof. Comunicación Social UCV
263. Mercedes Díaz, actriz
264. Raúl Díaz, pintor
265. Trino Díaz, vicerrector administrativo UCV
266. Oscar Díaz Punceles, escritor
267. Gustavo Díaz Solís, escritor
268. Franca Donda, fotógrafa
269. Josune Dorronsoro, crítico de arte
270. Pedro Duno, escritor
271. Paulino Durand, actor
272. Aracelys Echeverría, arquitecto
273. Elías Eljuri, decano de la Facultad de Economía UCV
274. Perán Erminy, crítico de arte
275. Ralph Erminy, arquitecto
276. Julio Escalona, prof. Psicología UCV
277. Elisa Escámez, actriz
278. Elba Escobar, actriz
279. Kiddio España, director del Teatro Estable de Oriente
280. Homero Español, prof. Economía UCV
281. María Eugenia Esparragoza, cineasta
282. Gioconda Espinel, prof. Trabajo Social UCV
283. Manuel Espinoza, artista plástico
284. Elena Estaba, directora de Planeamiento UCV
285. Malila Estaba, pintora
286. Rosa Estaba, prof. Geografía UCV
287. Rosa Estacio, prof. Economía UCV
288. Arnaldo Esté, prof. Filosofía UCV
289. Gaudi Esté, escultora
290. Edna Estéves, coordinadora del vicerrectorado administrativo
291. Raúl Estevez, prof. Física ULA
292. Víctor Fajardo Cortez, prof. CENDES
293. Humberto Farfán, coordinador de Trabajo Social UCV
294. David Fermín, prof. ULA
295. Alexis Fernández, escritor
296. Beatriz Fernández, prof. CENDES
297. Federico Fernández, fotógrafo
298. Gladys Fernández, directora de la Escuela de Administración UCV
299. José Fernández, prof. Psicología UCV
300. José Humberto Fernández, titiritero
301. Liliana Fernández, prof. UCV
302. Hugo Fernández Oviol, escritor
303. Marisol Ferrari, bailarina
304. Yoston Ferrigni, prof. Sociología UCV
305. Lady Fonseca, prof. de Trabajo Social UCV
306. Nereida Fonseca, promotora cultural
307. Roberto Fontana, fotógrafo
308. Celso Fortoul, prof. Ingeniería UCV
309. Lydda Franco Farías, escritora
310. Luis Fuenmayor, rector UCV
311. Elizabeth Fuentes, periodista
312. Rafael Fuentes, promotor cultural
313. Maite Galán, promotora cultural
314. Alberto Galíndez, actor
315. Francisco Gallardo, director teatral
316. Eduardo Gallegos Mancera, escritor
317. Orlando Gámez, músico
318. Raquel Gamus, prof. UCV
319. Alix García, secretaria del Consejo Universitario UCV
320. Jesús García, antropólogo
321. Luis García, fotógrafo
322. Luis R. García, periodista
323. Luis Rafael García, periodista
324. Marcela García, prof. UCV
325. María García, prof. LUZ
326. Víctor García, promotor cultural
327. Yajaira García, periodista
328. Zacarías García, artista plástico
329. Humberto García Arocha, ex ministro de Educación
330. Gonzalo García Bustillos, ex ministro de la Secretaría de la Presidencia
331. José Francisco García Marcano, prof. UC
332. Manuel García Pulido, coordinador de la Facultad de Humanidades UCV
333. Emiro García Rosas, periodista
334. José Luis Garrido, artista gráfico
335. Judith Gasparini, actriz
336. Paolo Gasparini, fotógrafo
337. Esther Gautier, presidenta de CENATEV
338. Francisco Gavidia, prof. ULA
339. Gertrudis Gavidia, prof. ULA
340. Inmaculada Gavidia, cineasta
341. Jesús Gazo, s.j., presbítero
342. Elena Gil, cantante
343. Frida Gil, músico de Un Solo Pueblo
344. Ricardo Gil, historiador
345. Carlos Giménez, director teatral
346. Lulú Jiménez Valdivia, investigadora CELARG
347. Jorge Giordani, prof. CENDES
348. Nagliegli Godoy, coordinadora Galería “Viva México”
349. Xitlalli Godoy, actriz
350. Jesús Golindano, periodista
351. Valmore Gómez, cineasta
352. Ileana Gómez C., traductora
353. Asdrúbal González, historiador
354. Beatriz González, historiadora
355. Carlos A. González, prof. Medicina UCV
356. Cristina González, periodista
357. Eberto González, prof. UFM
358. Franklin González, prof. Trabajo Social UCV
359. Gonzalo González, politólogo
360. Noel González, junta directiva de FEVEC
361. Oswaldo González, prof. UC
362. Raúl González, fotógrafo
363. Reddy González, artista plástico
364. Roberto González, artista plástico
365. Manuel González Abreu, prof. Economía UCV
366. Néstor González Acuña, prof. Administración UCV
367. Alí González P., miembro del Consejo Universitario UCV
368. Beatriz González Stephan, prof. UCV
369. Jesús Alberto González Vegas, prof. Medicina UCV
370. Marisela Gonzalo, semióloga
371. Elsa Gramcko, pintora
372. Ida Gramcko, escritora
373. Omar Granados, prof. ULA
374. Edgardo Greco, promotor cultural
375. Aníbal Grunn, actor
376. Jesús Enrique Guédez, cineasta
377. María Guédez, ceramista
378. Cleides Guerra, directora Escuela de Idiomas UCV
379. Cristóbal Guerra, periodista
380. Elena Guerra, prof. Trabajo Social UCV
381. Ibrahím Guerra, director teatral
382. Carmen Priscila Guevara, prof. UDO
383. Emil Guevara, prof. UCV
384. Arturo Gutiérrez, escritor
385. Jesús Rafael Gutiérrez, prof. Medicina UCV
386. José Albano Gutiérrez Pacheco, prof. UC
387. Eduardo Guzmán, arquitecto
388. Manuel Guzmán, director Revista Letras UCV
389. Mario Handler, cineasta
390. Maryam Hanson, prof. UCV
391. Ana Cristina Henríquez, cineasta
392. Alba Rosa Hernández, prof. USB
393. Amelia Hernández, periodista
394. Ana Rosa Hernández, prof. Trabajo Social UCV
395. Augusto Hernández, fotógrafo
396. Emely Hernández, prof. Arte UCV
397. Enrique Hernández, arquitecto
398. Gustavo Hernández, promotor cultural
399. Josefina de Hernández, prof. CENDES
400. Lesbia Hernández, diseñadora gráfica
401. Loyola Hernández, internacionalista
402. Régulo Hernández, prof. Economía UCV
403. Earle Herrera, escritor
404. José Rafael Herrera, prof. Filosofía UCV
405. Luis Alfredo Herrera, prof. Veterinaria UCV
406. María Helena Herrera, investigadora CENDES
407. Francisco Herrera Luque, escritor
408. Benjamín Hierro, pintor
409. Daniel Honaggn, bailarín
410. Solveig Hoogesteijn, cineasta
411. Magali Huggins, prof. Trabajo Social UCV
412. Lilian Hung, prof. CENDES
413. Isabel Hungría, actriz
414. Mirtila Illas Gil, abogada
415. Rafael Iribarren, arquitecto
416. Eva Ivanyi, directora artística
417. Rodolfo Izaguirre, crítico cinematográfico
418. Ariel Jiménez, artista plástico
419. Edgar Jiménez, promotor cultural
420. Elisa Jiménez, prof. Psicología UCV
421. Alberto Jordán, periodista
422. Josefina Jordán, escritora
423. Josefina Juliac de Palacios, vicepresidenta del Ateneo de Caracas
424. Manón Kubler, cineasta
425. Olga L. de García Arocha, prof. Medicina UCV
426. Diana Labrador, actriz
427. Luis Lander, prof. Economía UCV
428. Edgardo Lander L., prof. Sociología UCV
429. Américo Lares, prof. UDO
430. Ronald Lares, prof. UPEL, Maturín
431. Morella de Larriva, prof. UNELLEZ
432. Ramón Larriva Contreras, promotor cultural
433. Vladimir Lazo, prof. Economía UCV
434. Edgar Leal, prof. Ciencias UCV
435. Vielma Lehmann, investigadora ININCO
436. Hernán Lejter, director teatral
437. Andrés A. León, director de teatro
438. Enrique León, director de teatro
439. Ernesto León, pintor
440. Jesús Alberto León, escritor
441. Ramón León, arquitecto
442. Adeliz León Guevara, escritor
443. León Levy, escritor
444. Boris Lima, prof. Trabajo Social UCV
445. Tiburcio Linares, prof. UCV
446. Rita Liprandi, prof. CENDES
447. Antonia de Lisio, investigadora CENAM-UCV
448. Marcelo Lizarraga, diseñador gráfico
449. Antonio Llerandi, cineasta
450. Belén Lobo, bailarina
451. Emiro Lobo, pintor
452. Enrique Lobo, arquitecto
453. Alí López, prof. ULA
454. Carmen López, periodista
455. Daniel López, actor
456. Edilio López, promotor cultural
457. Hercilia López, bailarina
458. Lupe López, bibliotecóloga
459. María Victoria López, prof. UPB
460. Ibrahím López García, prof. UFM
461. Luis López Grillo, decano de la Facultad de Medicina UCV
462. Ramón Losada Aldana, escritor
463. María del Mar de Lovera, prof. Economía UCV
464. María Elena Lovera, prof. Economía UCV
465. Tamara Lozada, prof. Comunicación Social LUZ
466. Henry Mac Carthy, actor
467. Arlette Machado, prof. Letras UCV
468. Gertrudis de Machado, periodista
469. Luis E. Machado, promotor cultural
470. Gilberto Madrid, abogado
471. Ángel Madriz, escritor
472. Héctor Malavé Mata, prof. Economía UCV
473. Ricardo Maldonado, decano Facultad de Ciencias Económicas UC
474. Cósimo Mandrilo, escritor
475. Carmen Mannarino, escritora
476. Manuel Manrique, abogado
477. Carmen Isabel Maracará, escritora
478. Gabriel Marcos, escultor
479. Jesús Marín, prof. ULA
480. Hugo Mariño, artista plástico
481. Carlos Márquez, actor
482. Esperanza Márquez, cantante
483. Yilbert Márquez, pintor
484. Augusto Márquez Brandt, escritor
485. Alexis Márquez Rodríguez, escritor
486. Cinesio Márquez Sosa, prof. Historia UCLA
487. Juan Carlos Márquez Villa, pintor
488. Ambretta Marrosu, crítico cinematográfico
489. Susana Martín, promotora cultural
490. Agustín Martínez, director de la Escuela de Filosofía UCV
491. José Luis Martínez, prof. ULA
492. Pedro J. Martínez, prof. Estudios Políticos UCV
493. Salvador Martínez, pintor
494. Ulises Martínez, historiador
495. Mahfud Massis, escritor
496. Aquilino José Mata, periodista
497. Humberto Mata, escritor
498. Manuel Matute, psiquiatra
499. David Maury, psicoanalista
500. Reinaldo Maza, prof. UPEL, Maturín
501. Domingo F. Maza Zavala, economista
502. Luisa Medina, prof. Administración UCV
503. Ramón Daniel Medina, escritor
504. Fernando Medina Ferrada, escritor
505. Edna Medina Patrick, directora de la Escuela de Letras LUZ
506. Arístides Medina Rubio, director de la Escuela de Historia UCV
507. Pedro Esteban Mejía, prof. de Economía UCV
508. Trino Meleán, psiquiatra
509. Asdrúbal Meléndez, actor
510. Ramón Melinkoff, prof. de Economía UCV
511. Freddy J. Melo, escritor
512. Absalón Méndez, prof. Economía UCV
513. Ana Irene Méndez, periodista
514. Consuelo Méndez, pintora
515. Humberto Mendoza, abogado
516. Ricardo Mendoza, profesor
517. Silvia Mendoza, actriz
518. Gladys Meneses, pintora
519. Elys Mercado, rector UC
520. Marco Tulio Mérida, historiador
521. Giovanna Mérola, crítico cinematográfico
522. Omar Mesones, productor de cine
523. Diego Meza Torres, actor
524. Carlos Mezones, promotor cultural
525. Gustavo Michelena, guionista
526. Mieres, economista
527. Rigel Milian, promotora cultural
528. Carlos Miranda, actor
529. Abdel Mohamed, historiador
530. Moisés Moleiro, escritor
531. Federico Moleiro Camejo, escritor
532. Adelina Molina, prof. Trabajo Social UCV
533. Alfonso Molina, periodista
534. Félix Molina, fotógrafo
535. Lenin Molina, prof. Comunicación Social UCV
536. Manuel Isidro Molina, periodista
537. Ricardo Molina Martí, prof. de Medicina UCV
538. Eva Mondolfi, actriz
539. Tulio Monsalve, prof. Psicología UCV
540. Juan José Monsant, internacionalista
541. Esteban Emilio Monsonyi, dir del doctorado en Ciencias Sociales UCV
542. Jorge Monsonyi, prof. Antropología UCV
543. Consuelo Montalvo, escritora
544. Luis Montenegro, promotor cultural
545. Álvaro Montero, escritor
546. Antonio Montilla, vicepres. Con. Desarrollo Cient. y Humanístico UCV
547. Gabriel Montilla, prof. ULA
548. J. J. Montilla, presidente de Desarrollo Científico UCV
549. Carmen Elena Morales, prof. ULA
550. Ileana Morales, escritora
551. Pedro Morales, cineasta
552. Rafael Morales, prof. ULA
553. Adolfo Moreno, prof. ULA
554. Héctor Moreno, actor
555. José Moreno Colmenares, prof. Economía UCV
556. Ángel Moros, Administración y Contaduría UCV
557. Carlos Mujica, escritor
558. Héctor Mujica, escritor
559. Ildemaro Mujica, actor
560. Lohengri Mujica, titiritero
561. Yolanda de Mujica, escultora
562. Gastón Murat, actor
563. Donald Myerston, cineasta
564. Álvaro Naranjo, investigador de cine
565. Guillermo Natera, prof. ULA
566. Luis Navarrete Orta, prof. Letras UCV
567. Tania Navarro, prof. Odontología UCV
568. Eudes Navas Soto, escritor
569. Aníbal Nazoa, escritor
570. Claudia Nazoa, cineasta
571. Laura Nazoa, crítico de danza
572. Leonardo Nazoa, prof. CENDES
573. Juan Negrete, prof. UCV
574. Michael New, cineasta
575. Carlos Noguera, escritor
576. Simón Noriega, escritor
577. Ada Nucetti, actriz
578. Jorge Nunes, escritor
579. Miguel Ángel Núñez, prof. UCV
580. Tito Núñez, escritor
581. J. R. Núñez Tenorio, escritor
582. Carlos Ochoa, escritor
583. Juvencio Ochoa, médico
584. Nelly Ochoa, ceramista
585. Verónica Oddo, actriz
586. Enna Olivar, escritora
587. Ligia Olivieri, pintora
588. Gabriela Omerz, investigadora ILDIS
589. José Napoleón Oropeza, escritor
590. Carlos Ortega, periodista
591. Joaquín Ortega, prof. UCV
592. Frank Ortiz, escritor
593. Jaime Ortiz, director de la Cinemateca Arlequín
594. Aníbal Ortiz Pozo, caricaturista
595. Nelson Osorio, prof. de Letras UCV
596. William Osuna, escritor
597. Yolanda Osuna, escritora
598. Alejandro Otero, artista plástico
599. Mariana Otero, lic. en Letras
600. Ana Teresa Ovalles, presidenta del Ateneo de Barquisimeto
601. Caupolicán Ovalles, presidente de la Asoc. de Escritores de Venezuela
602. Omar Ovalles, prof. UCV
603. Tibisay Ovalles, promotora cultural
604. Edilberto Pacheco, prof. Trabajo Social UCV
605. Abilio Padrón, pintor
606. Juan Páez Ávila, escritor
607. Jesús Páez Puerta, cantautor
608. Ángel Palacios, junta directiva de FEVEC
609. Antonia Palacios, escritora
610. Inocente Palacios, escritor
611. Lucila Palacios, escritora
612. Elio Palencia, dramaturgo
613. Ramón Palomares, escritor
614. Luis Pardi, actor
615. Gianfranco Parisi, prof. ULA
616. Francisco Parra, promotor cultural
617. Orlando Pastor Díaz, folklorista
618. Carlos Paván, prof. Filosofía UCV
619. Antonio José Pavón, pintor
620. Yanira de Paz, prof. letras LUZ
621. Carlos Pecheneda, cineasta
622. Edilio Peña, dramaturgo
623. Pablo Peñaranda, prof. Psicología UCV
624. Gustavo Pereira, escritor
625. Juvencio Pereira, escritor
626. Mirna Pereira, pintora
627. Iván Pereira Cellis, cineasta
628. Eddy Rafael Pérez, escritor
629. Manuel Pérez, pintor
630. Mary Carmen Pérez, pintora
631. Mario Pérez, librero
632. Milagros Pérez, periodista
633. Ramón Elías Pérez, escritor
634. Régulo Pérez, pintor
635. Ernesto Pérez Baptista, prof. ULA
636. Marelys Pérez Marcano, prof. Trabajo Social UCV
637. Ramón Pérez Piña, actor
638. Cecilio Pérez Tovar, periodista
639. Cruz Pernía, artesano
640. Blas Perezo Naveda, escritor
641. Horacio Peterson, director teatral
642. Edgar Petit, pintor
643. Félix N. Pifano, crítico de arte
644. Sandra Pinardi, lic. en Letras
645. Elías Pino Iturrieta, decano de la Facultad de Humanidades UCV
646. Iris Pinto, promotora cultural
647. Nallery Pinto, historiadora
648. Roger Pinzón, cineasta
649. Rafael Pizani, ex rector UCV
650. Marianela Ponce, escritora
651. José Ángel Porte-Acero, prof. Psicología UCV
652. Carlos Portillo, investigador social
653. Dilcia Potenza, jefe del área de Literatura de la UPB
654. Aída de Prado, educadora
655. Manuel Prado, medico
656. Nelson Prato, prof. CENDES
657. Adrián J. Prays, prof. Filosofía
658. Ibrahím Prieto, junta directiva de FEVEC
659. Luis Beltrán Prieto Figueroa, educador
660. Samuel Prince, cantante
661. Carlos E. Puche, pintor
662. Edgar Queipo, pintor
663. Florentino Querales, músico de “Un Sólo Pueblo”
664. Ismael Querales, músico de “Un Sólo Pueblo”
665. Jesús Querales, músico de “Un Sólo Pueblo”
666. Manuel Quijada, ex ministro de Fomento
667. Alberto Quintero, promotor de espectáculos
668. Alfonso Quintero, abogado
669. Ednodio Quintero, escritor
670. Inés Quintero, investigadora del Instituto de Historia UCV
671. Pedro Julio Quintero, ceramista
672. Valentina Quintero, periodista
673. Víctor Quintero, arquitecto
674. José QuinteroWeir, escritor
675. Livio Quiroz, cineasta
676. Víctor Rago, director de la Escuela de Antropología UCV
677. Vilma Ramia, promotora cultural
678. Gilberto Ramírez, artista plástico
679. Rafael Ramírez Camilo, prof. UCV
680. Alexis Ramos, secretario UCV
681. María Elena Ramos, investigadora de arte
682. Nelson Ramos, pintor
683. Francisco Ramosoteldo, artista gráfico
684. Domingo Alberto Rangel, escritor
685. Julieta Ravard, psicoanalista
686. Carlos Rebolledo, cineasta
687. Guillermo Rebolledo, dir. del Instituto de Investigaciones Econ. UCV
688. Diana Reches, ecologista
689. Ángela Rengifo, educadora
690. Rafael Rengifo M., prof. CENDES
691. José Rodolfo Rico, prof. UCV
692. Irlanda Rincón, investigadora CENAM-UCV
693. Pedro Rincón Gutiérrez, ex rector LUZ
694. Gladys Rincón Palo, prof. UNIMET
695. Jorge Rivadaneira, escritor
696. Aura Rivas, actriz
697. Humberto Rivas, titiritero
698. Ivonne Rivas, lic. en Letras
699. Rómulo Rivas, actor
700. Celalba Rivera, escritora
701. Dulce María Rivero, grupo “Las Moño Suelto”
702. Emilcen Rivero, escritor
703. Nelson Rivero, actor
704. Víctor Ángel Rivero, prof. Economía UCV
705. Pedro Robles, escritor
706. Eduardo Robles Piquer (RAS), crítico de arte
707. Mariano Rocha, abogado
708. Alberto Rodríguez, escritor
709. Alberto Rodríguez, prof. ULA
710. Alí Rodríguez, ensayista
711. Antonieta Rodríguez, “Luto Activo”
712. Beatriz Rodríguez, prof. de Psicología UCV
713. Carlos César Rodríguez, escritor
714. Consuelo Rodríguez de Ascanio, diseñadora
715. Dalia Rodríguez, psicóloga
716. Fernando Rodríguez, prof. Filosofía UCV
717. Imperio Rodríguez, periodista
718. José Rodríguez, fotógrafo
719. Juan Rodríguez, caricaturista
720. Juan Gregorio Rodríguez, prof. ULA
721. Luis Cipriano Rodríguez, prof. Historia UCV
722. Luisa Rodríguez, historiadora
723. Manuel Alfredo Rodríguez, escritor
724. Marta Yadira Rodríguez, periodista
725. Nelson Rodríguez, periodista
726. Orlando Rodríguez, crítico teatral
727. Rosángela Rodríguez, prof. Filosofía Pedagógico de Barquisimeto
728. Manuel Rodríguez Campos, director Biblioteca UCV
729. Irene Rodríguez Gallad, prof. Historia UCV
730. Alfredo Roffé, crítico cinematográfico
731. Violeta Roffé, escritora
732. Alexis Rojas, junta directiva de FEVEC
733. Carlos Germán Rojas, fotógrafo
734. Emilia Rojas, actriz
735. José de la Cruz Rojas, prof. ULA
736. Reinaldo Rojas, historiador
737. Armando Rojas Guardia, escritor
738. Violeta Rojo, crítico cinematográfico
739. Lukó de Rokha, pintora
740. Denzil Romero, escritor
741. Luis Romero, prof. Filosofía UCV
742. Jesús A. Rondón, prof. ULA
743. Luis Emilio Rondón Bravo, músico
744. Pavel Rondón, prof. Economía UCV
745. Winston Rosalles, actor
746. Helia de Rosario, prof. CENDES
747. Rafael Rosel, escritor
748. Milagros Rosell, promotora cultural
749. Bernardo Rotundo, promotor cultural
750. Cerina Rotundo, actriz
751. Emiro Rotundo, prof. Economía UCV
752. Alfredo Rugeles, compositor y director de orquesta
753. Bernabé Ruiz, arquitecto
754. Nidia Ruiz, prof. Sociología UCV
755. Leopoldo Ruiz Paolini, prof. UC
756. Roberto Ruiz T., vicerrector académico UCV
757. Domingo A. Ruiz V., prof. CENDES
758. Margara Russotto, escritora
759. Keyla Saab, prof. Educación UCV
760. Carmiña Sadner Montilla, prof. Educación UCV
761. Inés de Sáez, prof. Educación UCV
762. Simón Sáez Mérida, prof. Sociología UCV
763. Elizabeth Safar, investigadora ININCO
764. Luis B. Salas P., prof. UCV
765. Adolfo Salazar Quijada, prof. Administración UCV
766. Elsa Salazar, arquitecto
767. Jesús Salazar, escritor
768. Trina Salazar, prof. ULA
769. Johnny Salazar R., escritor
770. Helena Salcedo, periodista
771. Marcelo Salcedo, promotor cultural
772. Ernestina Salcedo Pizani, escritora
773. Oscar Sambrano Urdaneta, director de la Casa de Bello
774. Ana María San Juan, investigadora de Sociología UCV
775. Belén San Juan, educadora
776. Antolín Sánchez, fotógrafo
777. Eneida Sánchez, promotora cultural
778. Lourdes Sánchez, ceramista
779. Pedro Sánchez, promotor cultural
780. Carlos Sánchez D. dramaturgo
781. Mamela Sánchez Urdaneta, directora de Publicaciones UCV
782. Sonia Sanoja, bailarina
783. Jesús Sanoja Hernández, escritor
784. Denis Santacruz, prof. Educación UCV
785. Ramón Santaella, prof. Economía UCV
786. Duilia Santana, cineasta
787. Rodolfo Santana, dramaturgo
788. Aída Santana Nazoa, prof. UCV
789. Andrés Santeliz, director de la Escuela de Economía UCV
790. Desirée Santos A., periodista
791. Xavier Sarabia, director teatral
792. Helena Sassone, crítico de arte
793. Helena Scannone, investigadora de arte
794. Elizabeth Schon, escritora
795. Yolanda Segnini, historiadora
796. Teresa Selma, actriz
797. Jesús Serra, escritor
798. Vladimir Sersa, fotógrafo
799. Sergio Sierra, documentalista
800. Alfredo Silva Estrada, escritor
801. Héctor Silva Michelena, prof. Economía UCV
802. José Silva Salguero, periodista
803. Freddy Siso, cineasta
804. Milagro Socorro, periodista
805. Mónica Socorro, artista plástico
806. Francisco Solórzano, periodista
807. Heinz Rudolph Sonntag, prof. CENDES
808. Antonieta Sosa, artista plástica
809. Miguel Octavio Sosa, director de FUNTACA
810. Arturo Sosa, s. j., Centro Gumilla
811. Jesús Sotillo, periodista
812. Carmen Alida Soto, prof. Bibliotecología UCV
813. Carmen Alida Soto, prof. UCV
814. Tarik Souki, cineasta
815. María Clenticia Stelling, prof. UCAB
816. Abilio Suárez, prof. UDO
817. Bernardo Suárez, arquitecto
818. Martín Szinetar, escritor
819. Néstor Tablante y Garrido, bibliógrafo
820. Tulio Tagliaferro, director de cultura LUZ
821. José León Tapia, escritor
822. Iraida Tapias, actriz
823. María Josefina Tejera, investigadora literaria UCV
824. Benjamín Terán, cantautor
825. Ana Rita Tiberi, actriz
826. Cecilia Todd, cantante
827. Roberto Todd, promotor cultural
828. Tecla Tofano, escritora
829. Jesús Torrealba, prof. UCV
830. Ramón Torrealba, investigador de la comunicación
831. Alberto Torres, músico
832. Alexis Torres, prof. ULA
833. Freddy Torres, dramaturgo
834. Fredzia Torres, prof. Psicología UCV
835. Ildemaro Torres, escritor
836. Lilia Torres de Parisca, prof. UCV
837. Amneris Tovar, prof. UCV
838. Marianela Tovar, lic. en Letras
839. Fernando Travieso, arquitecto
840. Oswaldo Travieso, prof. UCV
841. Antonio Trujillo, escritor
842. Manuel Trujillo, escritor
843. Ugo Ulive, director teatral
844. Isabel Urbaneja, cineasta
845. Iván Urbina Ortiz, prof. Administración UCV
846. Carmen Luisa Urbina, prof. UFM
847. Segundino Urbina, prof. UFM
848. Adriana Urdaneta, bailarina
849. Alberto Urdaneta, director CENDES
850. Belkys Urdaneta, periodista
851. Claudia Urdaneta, promotora cultural
852. Josefina Urdaneta, escritora
853. Luis Urdaneta, artista plástico
854. Luz Urdaneta, bailarina
855. Nora Uribe, prof. Comunicación Social UCAB
856. Robin Urquhary, educadora
857. Betania Uzcátegui, pintora
858. Juan Vicente Vadell, prof. Derecho UC
859. Manuel Vadell, editor
860. María de Vadell, editora
861. Argenis Valbuena, prof. Trabajo Social UCV
862. Judith Valencia, prof. Economía UCV
863. Mildred Valera M., prof. Economía UCV
864. Haydée Valles, prof. UCV
865. Chela Vargas, prof. Historia UCV
866. Edmundo Vargas, pintor
867. Vilma Vargas, prof. Letras UCV
868. Alejandro Vásquez, prof. Comunicación Social LUZ
869. Orlando Vásquez, artista plástico
870. Enrique Vásquez Fermín, prof. Educación UCV
871. Berta Vega, escritora
872. Lucila Velásquez, escritora
873. Orlando Venturini, prof. UCV
874. Ballardo Vera, escritor
875. Helena Vera, escritora
876. Nilda Vera, prof. ULA
877. Omar Verde, decano de la Facultad de Veterinaria UCV
878. Oswaldo Verenzuela, grabador
879. Elvira Veroes, prof. Humanidades UCV
880. Fabiola Vethencourt, prof. UCV
881. José Luis Vethencourt, psiquiatra
882. Lolita Vethencourt, prof. Administración UCV
883. Ángel Vilanova, escritor
884. Mercedes Villa de Márquez, psicóloga UCV
885. Luis Villafaña, licenciado en Filosofía
886. Alcides Villalba, prof. UCV
887. Federico Villalba, escritor
888. Johnny Villalba, escritor
889. Federico Villanueva, arquitecto
890. Freddy Villarroel, artista plástico
891. Edwin Villasmil, pintor
892. Margarita Villegas, artista plástico
893. Mario Villegas, periodista
894. Silvio Villegas, prof. ULA
895. Alfredo Vitoria, vicepresidente del Ateneo de Barquisimeto
896. Frank Viloria, prof. UCV
897. Oscar Viloria, prof. UCV
898. Ludmila Vinogradoff, periodista
899. Pável Vizcaya, actor
900. Carlos Viso, prof. UCV
901. Carlos Viso Carpintero, historiador
902. Carlos Viso Fajardo, prof. Educación UCV
903. Fruto Vivas, arquitecto
904. Germán Rivas, prof. Trabajo Social UCV
905. Pedro Juan Vives Suriá, presbítero
906. Gladys Volcán, prof. Economía UCV
907. Carlos Walter, prof. CENDES
908. Andreína Womutt, bailarina
909. Damely Yeguez, directora de Trabajo social UCV
910. Eduardo Zambrano Colmenares, escritor
911. Pedro León Zapata, artista plástico.
REMEMBER MACHURUCUTO? I HAVEN’T…
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So, he always criticized Venezuelan governments, but praised the Cuban one in grandiose terms. I challenge you to find me any remark made by him ever against the Cuban government and Fidel Castro.
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Hmm, on the one hand, a lifetime of speaking truth to power in creative, innovative ways. On the other hand, a massive letter in support of a foreign leader, signed 25 years ago. Those two things aren’t anywhere near equivalent.
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¿Son vainas mías o la distribución probabilística de los apellidos en esa lista es bastante particular?
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I always read and agree with what I sign. The aforementioned challenge is also good for you.
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Challenge accepted.
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Good. According to what this cartoon says, the remark had to be made about fifty years after the the “triumph” of the revolution. That is, in 2010 when the author was at the tender age of 80 years. A bit late, wouldn’t you say. By the way, I was talking about something more substantial than a cartoon, like, perhaps, an interview where he denounced the murders, atrocities, pervasive hardships, poverty, lack of freedoms and opportunities, lack of free speech, and slavery to an utterly failed system that Cubans had to endure for more than half a decade. That would have been a more appropriate atonement for his “Benevolent Superficial Stupidity.”
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Sorry pal. Your challenge was to find “ANY remark made by him EVER against the Cuban government and Fidel Castro” (emphasis mine).
And I gave you such a remark (a Zapatazo). Now it turns out you didn’t want just ANY remark, but a whole interview on the subject or some sort of full on mea-culpa, and it also turns out that EVER wasn’t good enough, because you wanted and old remark (that is really an interview on the subject or an extensive mea-culpa).
It’s not my fault your challenge wasn’t up to your standard. Next time, phrase challenges more carefully.
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At. Least, Vargas Llosa did.
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The challenge was up to my standard. A Zapatazo just doesn’t cut it for the serious matter at hand, that is, the criminal regime that has made the life of millions of Cubans so miserable for more than 50 years. Please, do grow up. You don’t really need to contradict me. Just acknowledge the suffering of millions for many decades. I promise, it will be sobering.
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I do agree that the Castro regime is a cancer in Latinamerica, and I also lament the reluctance of “the left” to condemn that dictatorial regime.
That said, for some reason I can’t fathom, you hold a greater value on a signature Zapata put on a letter, that probably someone else wrote, than on a work he made himself.
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J,
You are so superior!
What the fuck do you do here? I am sure a lot of people will remember you favourably once you die.
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To you, no doubt about it. I express my ideas, I have no need to attack people on a personal level.
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Here it is. The Intertunnels come through again. Manifiesto de Bienvenida a Fidel Castro
blockquote><Nosotros, intelectuales y artistas venezolanos al saludar su visita a nuestro país, queremos expresarle públicamente nuestro respeto hacia lo que usted, como conductor fundamental de la Revolución Cubana, ha logrado en favor de la dignidad de su pueblo y, en consecuencia, de toda América Latina.
En esta hora dramática del Continente, sólo la ceguera ideológica puede negar el lugar que ocupa el proceso que usted representa en la historia de la liberación de nuestros pueblos. Hace treinta años vino usted a Venezuela, inmediatamente después de una victoria ejemplar sobre la tiranía, la corrupción y el vasallaje. Entonces fue recibido por nuestro pueblo como sólo se agasaja a un héroe que encarna y simboliza el ideal colectivo. Hoy, desde el seno de ese mismo pueblo, afirmamos que Fidel Castro, en medio de los terribles avatares que ha enfrentado la transformación social por él liderizada y de los nuevos desafíos que implica su propio avance colectivo, continúa siendo una entrañable referencia en lo hondo de nuestra esperanza, la de construir una América Latina justa independiente y solidaria.
Translation:
We, Venezuelan intellectuals and artists, greeting you upon your visit to our country, want to publicly express our respect for what you, as the fundamental force behind the Cuban Revolution, have been able to achieve for the dignity of its people and, consequently, for all Latin America.
In this dramatic time for the continent, only ideological blindness can deny the place that you represent in the history of the liberation of our people. Thirty years ago you came to Venezuela immediately after an exemplary victory over tyranny, corruption and vassalage. Then you were received by our people as only one would lionize a hero who embodies and symbolizes the collective ideal. Today, from the bosom of the same people we affirm that Fidel Castro, amid the terrible vicissitudes faced by the social transformation by his leadership and new challenges that its own collective advance implies, remains an endearing reference in the depths of our hope to build an independent Latin America of justice and solidarity.
He had plenty of company. He is the final signer, number 911. Coincidentally, 911 is a number made famous by reference to what happened on the 9th of September 2001- and also 1973. I wonder what he felt in later years about his signing this welcome to Fidel. One would hope he felt a measure of regret.
I am reminded of the 1930s in the US, when it wasn’t difficult to get an “intellectual” to sign a petition in favor of Stalin.Following is an excerpt from The Great Deception
I have seen a list of some of the signers- some rather prominent people.Which reminds me of that Orwell quote: “One has to belong to the intelligentsia to believe things like that: no ordinary man could be such a fool.”
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Thanks Boludo,
I wasn’t here then and wasn’t aware of it. It does remind one of the parallels to the American flirtation with Marxism in the early part of the last century. Let us hope that the backlash against doesn’t include a LatAm version of McCarthyism.
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Thank you, BT. According to one author and journalist, Carlos Alberto Montañer, the artists were suffering from BSS: Benevolent Superficial Sympathy. So, too, did Carlos Andrés Pérez, as letters to and from Castro prove their friendship, especially during crises (4 and 5 F). http://www.elsalvador.com/mwedh/nota/nota_opinion.asp?idCat=50839&idArt=9444407
“Muchos años más tarde, en su exilio miamense, provocado por Hugo Chávez, Carlos Andrés Pérez me confesó que había sido tan ingenuo que llegó a pensar que Fidel Castro era su amigo. En sus palabras había un profundo desengaño. Me dijo, en abono de su inocencia, que cuando su segunda toma de posesión, en 1989, un millar de venezolanos ilustres habían firmado una carta saludando la presencia de Castro en Caracas. Casi todos estaban hoy en la oposición o en el exilio. Sufrían, sin saberlo, de BSS [Benevolente Simpatía Superficial].”
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This was an excellent post by CAM, though I am not sure if it was warranted to be that diplomatic. After all, if I were Cuban my opinion of these people would be harsher. The key word here is of course SUPERFICIAL, a trait well expressed by most Venezuelans.
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It is an interesting point, and they were products of the times, just as the “other 1%” in the US- not writers and intellectuals but the business elite- were lending material aid and support to Hitler and Franco. Either way, that observation from Orwell rings true.
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Unfortunately, the Latin American societal admiration of Fidel Castro was a visceral collective insanity that blinded even the clearest of thinkers. There were very few who were immune to his seductions. To condemn Zapata for this is to condemn all of Latin American society for the last 50 years. And all of Latin America has already been paying the price for that mindless adoration with decades of retarded growth.
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The same country that gave us the never ending Telenovelas gave us the Castro Cult , so beloved of the latin american masses , both share that element of bathos , of kitsch pomposity , that taste for staging life as an epic struggle between the heroic saintly and victimized poor and the absolutely wicked and loathful succesful , and powerful , that opera bufa quality of the narrative , the endless speeches reeking of theatrical defiance and hoary voiced indignation . Its all so corny and yet even today it draws people to admire Castro for his defiance of mean old Uncle Sam and the forces of Capitalism . Thats what gives Latin American govt forums their anti american tone , anything that smacks of attacking the US govt and companies makes people burst with proud self righteous wrath …….I suspect that there is an element of envy and resentment in that loathing , the poor relative or student who cant stand the conceited self sattisfaction of the more fortunate and succesful relative or fellow student . Grandly Confronting a demonized avatar of those we envy is one of the few emotional thrills left to historys losers and failures !!
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like! Would you say that, grosso modo, Latin America suffers from a superiority complex that masks reality?
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Inferiority complex, and no it doesn’t mask reality; latin america reality is for all in plain view to see, pero no hay peor ciego que el que no quiere ver.
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Wow! That was an impressively poetic take-down. Well said.
I have often thought that some of the Latin American predilection for this sort of misdirected resentment can be found in Cervantes’ “Don Quixote”. There is a tendency to admire good and noble intentions over good and positive results. This is the “Romanticism” that you spoke of in a previous post.
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Years ago I went to a Spanish language cinema in Houston, which was playing a Mexican movie that so strongly stereotyped the Bad Yanqui versus Good Mexican that I wrote off Mexican movies for years. It was a really bad move- Soviet propaganda couldn’t have been less objective. I later discovered that Mexico did produce some good movies, such as Cantinflas’s comedies.
My best introduction to the subject of Latin America defining itself against the US came from Carlos Rangel, the esteemed Venezuelan writer and journalist. I bought Rangel’s Del buen salvaje al buen revolucionario in Anaco. One of the best books I have ever read. In English translation, the book is titled The Latin Americans: Their Love-Hate Relationship with the United States. It’s not just movies that have their titles changed in translation!
I still have my dog-eared, yellow paper copy, in the Revolucionario version. Rangel discusses José Enrique Rodó’s Ariel, written at the beginning of the 20th century, which defines the cultivated Latino versus the uncultivated Yanqui.
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J,
we are talking about art and artistic talent. Not about political purity.
In that sense, as an artist, Zapata was brilliant.
Many great artists took politically compromised positions and many recanted, while others persisted in spite of common sense, like humans do sometimes.
Vargas Llosa has been a communist, a Castrista, a Thatcherite and a neo-con; i.e he has been wrong about politics most of his life. He is also the finest prose writer in Spanish right now.
Pablo Neruda was a Stalinist, as were Picasso and Brecht.
Borges famously said Chile deserved Pinochet.
And so on. They were not as intelligent as you, who at age 30 (if not younger) knew everything. I expect you also realised, at a young age, that you are a bit of an arsehole, with an unjustifiably high regard of your own person.
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First of all, I have not insulted anyone here. That you insult me in itself disqualifies yourself and your post. Second, you really do need to learn how to read. I know that for you it might be challenging, but keep trying, you may learn some. Third, I have not said that I am more intelligent than anyone (again, learn how to read, please). I only remarked that by age 30, I already new who Fidel Castro was and what the Cuban regime was doing to its people. There was ample objective literature about those topics, but of course, one needs to know how to read. And regarding political animals, yes all these gentlemen you mention did not have precisely trustworthy political ideas. For that reason, I don’t give a fig about Vargas Llosa. Again, (have someone read and explain this to you if you don’t understand), I am not criticizing their main line of work, one to which most preferably they should have stick to and leave politics to politicians, like say Sir Winston Churchill. Now, this giant really did have an unsurpassed clarity of mind!
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J,
I am sorry you take my comment as an insult, my intention was to reveal something to you that is obvious to people who read what you write.
Winston Churchill won a Nobel prize for literature and was a journalist before he entered politics. So there you go, a politician can be a writer and vice versa, as Vaclav Havel and Andre Malraux.
Churchill also was at times a racist, a class warrior and opposed to the NHS… again, even great people can be wrong.
Anyway, I see you published the whole list of signatories to an unimportant text of decades ago.
isn’t that a bit maniacal? What does this list say about anything?
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Again, I am very pessimistic about your reading and comprehension abilities. Read your last paragraph to find your foul language. As for the list, have someone read this post and explain to you that I was challenged to present it, even though it is a very easy find in the net. Anyway, it is good that people are aware of it and its signatories live in shame for lending their support to one of the worst criminals of the last century, even though, most of them are inconsequential beings.
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Don del Cafetal: May I suggest breathing exercises, if not Prozac?
Mijo, no te sulfures taaanto.
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I would have expected a more substantial reply, instead of a personal attack. Oh well, I guess this is all you are capable of…
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No doubt having native talent to begin with, Zapata nonetheless sought to learn the techniques of the alpha among Latam artists — Rivera and Orozco. No wonder he was a cut above most political cartoonists.
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That’s an interesting observation. The UCV mural was a highlight of the Caracas landscape.
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Zapata’s Mexican connection was one I did not know about, had Juan not included the wiki link in his post.
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Zapata is the greatest purely Venezuelan visual artist of the last decades, or at least since Jesus Soto’s passing.
Cruz Diez is still alive and productive, but he is as French as he is Venezuelan.
He had the ill luck of having been born in Venezuela. Had he been, say, American, he would be among the most recognised artists in the world.
Soto and Cruz Diez are known worldwide, of course. but they emigrated and developed their careers in Paris.
For me, as an artist, he is near George Grosz and Max Ernst, but happier.
The problem is: who is next? there is no new generation to take the torch. Sure, there are caricaturists, but they are no artists.
One thing I deeply admire on Zapata’s work is the language he gave to his drawings: always dignified, never a grammatical error, ever on the spot. He was also a great prosist.
Like Reverón he will remain a private joy or Venezuelans. An underestimated talent known only to us (although Reverón has got some recognition lately in the US)
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although Reverón has got some recognition lately in the US
suspect on account of the sale of “cuadros” (my brother tells me he’s seen this on the Internet) by those in need of USD, given the decomposition of the productive machinery in Vzla.
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Reveron’s work was the object of a monographic at MoMA in 2007. That is quite a recognition, but not nearly enough.
For me Reveron is the greatest visual artist in the history of our country. A genius, a master of light. Artist is the person who lives to create, and nothing else.
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I didn’t know about the MoMA exhibit in ’07. Remember seeing one in el Museo de Bellas Artes, oh must have been in the early or mid-90’s. Extraordinary! Such an original!
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Wow, the things that one reads in the net! Now, I learn that there are pure and impure Venezuelan artists. Like artistry is purely local and never has external influences. So, Soto and Cruz Diez, perhaps the greatest Venezuelan plastic artists ever are not pure enough Venezuelan artists because they are also French?
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J,
opinions are like arseholes, everybody has one.
I do think that Soto and Cruz Diez are more international, more universal, than Reveron and Zapata, even if all of them lived abroad at some point.
The greatest of them was Reveron, because he lived within his work.
Diego Rivera’s art after his return is Mexican. Juan Rulfo is purely Mexican.
Proust could only happen in France but I think Joyce would have done the same anywhere.
Faulkner and Hemingway wrote about America and the Americans as opposed to the rest of the Western world. TS Eliot, being American by birth, is a British poet.
And all these people were great artists.
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More to the point: because of the nature of his work, commenting his immediate reality, Zapata had to be purely Venezuelan. He had to feel intimately connected to the subject of his caricatures.
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Who defines these things?
I am not a fan of Zapata because I find political cartoons generally boring illustrations of the obvious…and I could care less about ethnicity.
So much mediocre punditry in the art world as well as the political ; Art is a matter of taste, and is never wrong or right.I like Rachmaninoff,maybe you don’t …who cares ? I certainly do not want to judge these things.
Maybe the fact that I don’t like Zapata will rile a few up.That’s their bad.Uniformity of opinion seems to be the underlying downfall of punditry…..My opinion of course.
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De gustibus non est disputandum.
Listen,you have to have a conversation, isn’t it? otherwise, what do you want to talk about? art is as good as other subject.
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I’m not sure I understand why there is such a hard distinction in your post between what appears to be High Art and cartoonists. Overall tone appears to suggest that Zapata, although probably the most influential and surely one of the best visual artists of our times, was ‘merely’ a cartoonist – correct me if I have read the wrong tone here, but it feels to me as if the general sensation is ‘he was such a great cartoonist he was almost a great artist’.
He was a great artist. Without a doubt. He made most of his art in the form of political cartoons and commentary, but the form of visual expression he chose should not come as a detriment to his position, his skill or the influence he had (which, thanks to his career as political cartoonist, is huge).
Regarding the arts in general in Venezuela, it is not that they don’t happen. We have artists – writers, filmmakers, painters, illustrators, designers, cartoonists, tattooists, musicians, singers, installation artists, playwrights and so on. But I believe one important problem is the difficulty of making any kind of living as an artist in Venezuela. A lot of it ends up being down to commercial work, and anybody who has ever worked commercially in Venezuela (in advertising, for example), at least within the last 10 or so years, knows it is almost impossible to innovate within that sphere. They want ‘tried and tested’, which usually means ‘rip off something foreign’. There are other issues of course – respect and support are two that come to mind, in that there is very little of either for budding artists in Venezuela. You cannot expect great artistry to simply develop there out of nowhere without support, respect, investment or viable platforms. And that is not new, is it surprising to anyone that Cruz Diez, Soto, Otero and Zapata all left Venezuela in order to further their artistic development?
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Try to be an engineer in Venezuela. Apart from the times of oil hikes, it is better to be a soap opera actor than an engineer…or a researcher in natural sciences.
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This isn’t a competition, and the post was about artists in Venezuela. I have never been (nor will I ever be) an engineer in Venezuela so I cannot speak about that specific area, but making it as a soap opera actor in Venezuela is not exactly straightforward and easy, either.
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It is not about a competition. It is about putting things in perspective.
You can be X, you can be Y, but if you talk about X or Y and talk about how bad X or Y has it in a certain society is, you need to think, at least for a moment, whether the situation is any different from the rest of the population or from any group with more or less same years of training/education.
It is what makes people see beyond their navels.
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I shall amend my point to your satisfaction then: “making a living doing anything in Venezuela today is hard. Hardship is hard.”
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spot on, Kepler
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We can all celebrate the biting wit and genial humour of Zapata caricatures, How he could make us laugh (and laugh hard) at the foibles of the powerful and pompous with a few lines of his pen and a very short sentence. In doing so he cunningly and charmingly seduced us into sharing his extraordinarily rich and satirical view of our mishapen Venezuelan world, Who can forget all those characters his cartoons brough to life : Coromotico , the incredibly emaciated juan bimba, the wisened heavily draped chorus of old ladies, the gaudily uniformed men with a boot for a head , He did what great artists did , he created a world peopled by unforgettable characters born of his imagination.
On the subject of his earlier political views , I think we must understand that during the first part of his life he was a man of his times , a bit innocent in judging the early Castro which for a time caught the illusions of the rosy lensed left wig progressives . It takes a capacity for mature rectification to outgrow those early illusions and start seeing the world for what it is . The important thing is that he made the jump and became a true Champion of democratic ideals and a fierce opponent of the Chavez regime .
I cant judge his work as a painter , people more knowledgeable than myself have commented on the depth and scale of his plastic talents . What I do know is that his was a very artistic temperament ,one which dared defy all limits. He will be sorely missed.!!
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Reveron’s name is a childhood memory for me , my parents were close friends of people who were very very close to Reveron , when I visited their home all walls were covered top to bottom with his paintings and drawings , some on cardboard , some were portraits of their daughter my childhood play mate . They seemed very commonplace to my infantile eyes . I remember as I child going with my mother to visit his beachside ‘castle’ and talking to his widow, a very humble and affable fat little lady. I was mesmerized by the dolls and other artifacts he manufactured and left all around the place , it delighted me as a child to see those things being reproduced so primitively. it was a childs playground . Then my parent took me to an exhibition of his works, my very first , I was impressed by all the drawings and paintings without understanding very much of anything . I remember the picture of a reclining nude lady all coloured in blue . When I returned home I started to draw simple things like mad on cardboard and paper and placed them in rows just like the exhibition I had seen and then I paraded my parents in front of them . Then I forgot all about it and it was many years later that I connected the name Reveron with that of the artistic giant . Now the rare times I can see one his paintings I do so with reverence and awe. Weird how in life our perspectives change so much !!
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Thanks for that Bill Blass…great memoires.My daughter’s godfather lived near him many many years back and they used to meet on the beach.
I remember the ” Castle ” , though I found it very weird ; yet I love it when people dare to create a unique life for themselves as he did.
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What Syd said. What a story.
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Reveron would sell his latest works in Macuto to the visiting Caracas patrons for cents, to make ends meet for the next week.
I grew up hearing stories from my grand parents who knew him, but never had a chance to stop by his “castle”.
After the 99 floods, the area of the quince letras where his atelier/ home was located was the object of pillaging … I wonder if any his works survived that saqueo!
Any one knows the status of the museum/ and its collection.?
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Grande Zapata! As a fan of cartoons, I’m proud to call him an inspiration.
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No entiendo the new pissing competition in the kindergarten patio. Zapata era un Maestro, punto! R.I.P ++
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“We all enjoy Federico Vegas and Suniaga, but these are not universal authors – at least not yet. And while we may all admire a few movie directors, architects, musicians or painters, they are all undiscovered gems, niche players. The artistic genesis spurred by the revolution’s antics remains underwhelming.”
How convenient a conclusion, isn’t it? Venezuela has always produced great artists, not least through its darkest times. To say that there are no universal authors as the result of the Revolution is just a sad simplification of a more complex reality. There have been worldwide-known writers that have achieved success over the past few years, Eugenio Montejo and Rafael Cadenas standing out from a broader list of names your post would do well to go through. It would also do well not letting arrogance step over the work of brilliant people like Vegas and Suniaga themselves, or Padrón, Barrera, Socorro, Hernández and countless others writing for El Nacional for the sake of mere respect.
“He spurred our national conscience through that rare Venezuelan trait – hard work.” – Why do you despise Venezuelans so much?
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I found this approach to Zapata’s death upsetting. You pretend to flatter him, maybe even you think you are doing an homage, but this is not that in the least. The disdain and lack of awareness you show about art, the dismissive tone of your article, fails wide of its mark.
First you doubt that cartoons are high art – have you not looked around to see how wrong this is? Do you even know what art truly is? Take Tove Jansson’s work on WWII, for example. Take Zapata’s fifty years to account. Art provokes, influences, moves, reaches – what more so than a cartoon that lingers, complicating in a phrase and a ‘simple’ drawings a nation’s zeitgeist. None of those ‘simple’ drawings – although you say you know how difficult they are yet still call them simple – are anything less than high art. Great art, no matter what shape, yeah, even cartoons, inspires great art. Edo, Rayma are more than just cartoonist on their own.This is the muralist who made Caracas and her horrible traffic much more bearable, he wasn’t only a cartoonist and even that would have already been enough.
Second, you dismiss the artistic output since the Revolution, when it has been constantly redefining itself to try and tackle the complications of Venezuelan society with the added difficulty that is making sense of a thing like the Bolivarian Revolution. You dismiss the output so easily, yet artists sprout and achieve all throughout this period. Is that all you have to say about that?
Third, perhaps the worst part, is your tone. Zapata deserves more than you asking him to take a bow at the ‘ripe old age’. Zapata created a school, he managed to sustain a clever, remarkable, tender and insightful look into our reality throughout his work.
If you don’t know about art, don’t talk about art. He was more than just the super popular cartoonist you portray, and you clearly haven’t been able to see it, despite your: THE greatest artist. Catchy phrases do not an homage make.
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